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<!-- markdownlint - disable MD028 MD033 MD045 -->
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# reinstall
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[![Codacy ](https://img.shields.io/codacy/grade/dc679a17751448628fe6d8ac35e26eed?logo=Codacy&label=Codacy&style=flat-square )](https://app.codacy.com/gh/bin456789/reinstall/dashboard)
[![CodeFactor ](https://img.shields.io/codefactor/grade/github/bin456789/reinstall?logo=CodeFactor&logoColor=white&label=CodeFactor&style=flat-square )](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/bin456789/reinstall)
[![Lines of Code ](https://aschey.tech/tokei/github/bin456789/reinstall?category=code&label=Lines%20of%20Code&style=flat-square )](https://github.com/aschey/vercel-tokei)
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[![Telegram Group ](https://img.shields.io/badge/Telegram-2CA5E0?style=flat-square&logo=telegram&logoColor=white )](https://t.me/reinstall_os)
[![Github Sponsors ](https://img.shields.io/badge/sponsor-30363D?style=flat-square&logo=GitHub-Sponsors&logoColor=#EA4AAA )](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789)
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一键重装脚本 [English ](README.en.md )
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![捐赠者 ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/sponsors/refs/heads/master/sponsors.svg )
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## 亮点
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- 支持安装 17 种常见 Linux 发行版
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- 支持安装官方原版 Windows iso, 自动查找 iso 链接、集成虚拟机驱动
- 支持任意方向重装,即 `Linux to Linux` 、`Linux to Windows` 、`Windows to Windows` 、`Windows to Linux`
- 无需填写 IP 参数,自动识别动静态,支持 `/32` 、`/128` 、`网关不在子网范围内` 、`纯 IPv6` 、`双网卡` 等特殊网络
- 专门适配低配小鸡,比官方 netboot 需要更少的内存
- 全程用分区表 ID 识别硬盘,确保不会写错硬盘
- 支持 BIOS、EFI 引导,支持 ARM
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- 不含自制包,所有资源均实时从源站点获得
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- 有很多注释
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## 配置要求
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| 目标系统 | 版本 | 内存 | 硬盘 |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | --------- | ------------ |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" / > Alpine | 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20 | 256 MB | 1 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://www.debian.org/favicon.ico" / > Debian | 9, 10, 11, 12 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/f74b3d5b-085f-4df3-bcc9-8a9bd80bb16d" / > Kali | 滚动 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://netplan.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_static/favicon.png" /> Ubuntu | 16.04, 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, 24.04 | 512 MB \* | 2 GB |
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| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://www.centos.org/assets/img/favicon.png" /> CentOS | 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/O1CN01oJnJZg1yK4RzI4Rx2_!!6000000006559-2-tps-118-118.png" /> Anolis | 7, 8 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://www.redhat.com/favicon.ico" /> RedHat < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://almalinux.org/fav/favicon.ico" /> Alma < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://rockylinux.org/favicon.png" /> Rocky | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://opencloudos.org/qq.ico" /> OpenCloudOS | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://www.oracle.com/asset/web/favicons/favicon-32.png" /> Oracle | 7, 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://fedoraproject.org/favicon.ico" /> Fedora | 39, 40 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://www.openeuler.org/favicon.ico" /> openEuler | 20.03, 22.03, 24.03 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://static.opensuse.org/favicon.ico" /> openSUSE | 15.5, 15.6, Tumbleweed (滚动) | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://nixos.org/_astro/flake-blue.Bf2X2kC4_Z1yqDoT.svg" / > NixOS | 24.05 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://archlinux.org/static/favicon.png" / > Arch | 滚动 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://www.gentoo.org/assets/img/logo/gentoo-g.png" / > Gentoo | 滚动 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" / > Windows (DD) | 任何 | 512 MB | 取决于镜像 |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" / > Windows (ISO) | Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 ~ 2012 R2) | 512 MB | 25 GB |
| < img width = "16" height = "16" src = "https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" / > Windows (ISO) | 10, 11 (Server 2016 ~ 2025) | 1 GB | 25 GB |
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(\*) 表示使用云镜像安装,非传统网络安装
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(^) 需要 256 MB 内存 + 1.5 GB 硬盘,或 512 MB 内存 + 1 GB 硬盘
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> [!WARNING]
> ❌ 本脚本不支持 OpenVZ、LXC 虚拟机
>
> 请改用 <https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation>
## 下载(当前系统是 <img width="20" height="20" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux)
国外服务器:
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```bash
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curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_
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```
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国内服务器:
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```bash
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curl -O https://jihulab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_
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```
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## 下载(当前系统是 <img width="20" height="20" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows)
> [!IMPORTANT]
> 请先关闭 `Windows Defender` 的 `实时保护` 功能。该功能会阻止 `certutil` 下载任何文件。
< details >
< summary > 😢还是无法下载?< / summary >
### 可尝试以下几种方法
1. Windows 7 安装此补丁启用 TLS 1.2
< https: / / aka . ms / easyfix51044 >
2. 更新 SSL 根证书
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```batch
certutil -generateSSTFromWU root.sst
certutil -addstore Root root.sst
```
3. 手动下载,通过 `远程桌面` 复制这两个文件
< https: / / raw . githubusercontent . com / bin456789 / reinstall / main / reinstall . bat >
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< https: / / raw . githubusercontent . com / bin456789 / reinstall / main / reinstall . sh >
< / details >
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国外服务器:
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```batch
certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
```
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国内服务器:
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://jihulab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.bat
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```
## 使用
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**所有功能** 都可在 Linux / Windows 下运行
- Linux 下运行 `bash reinstall.sh`
- Windows 下运行 `reinstall.bat`
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### 功能 1: 安装 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux
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- 不输入版本号,则安装最新版
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- 不含 boot 分区( Fedora 例外),不含 swap 分区,最大化利用磁盘空间
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- 在虚拟机上,会自动安装合适的官方精简内核
- 安装 Red Hat 需填写 < https: // access . redhat . com / downloads / content / rhel > 得到的 `qcow2` 镜像链接
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- 用户名 `root` 默认密码 `123@@@` ,密码可能首次开机几分钟后才生效
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- 重装后如需修改 SSH 端口 / 改成密钥登录,还要注意修改 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/` 里面的文件
- 可选参数
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- `--password PASSWORD` 设置密码
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- `--ssh-port PORT` 修改 SSH 端口(目标系统 + 安装期间观察日志)
- `--web-port PORT` 修改 Web 端口(安装期间观察日志)
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- `--hold 2` 安装结束后不进入系统。可连接 SSH 修改系统内容,系统挂载在 `/os` (此功能不支持 Debian / Kali)
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh centos 9
anolis 7|8
alma 8|9
rocky 8|9
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redhat 8|9 --img='http://xxx.com/xxx.qcow2'
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opencloudos 8|9
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oracle 7|8|9
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fedora 39|40
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nixos 24.05
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debian 9|10|11|12
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openeuler 20.03|22.03|24.03
alpine 3.17|3.18|3.19|3.20
opensuse 15.5|15.6|tumbleweed
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ubuntu 16.04|18.04|20.04|22.04|24.04 [--minimal]
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kali
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arch
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gentoo
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```
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> [!TIP]
> 安装 Debian / Kali 时, x86 可通过后台 VNC 查看安装进度, ARM 可通过串行控制台查看安装进度。
>
> 安装其它系统时, 可通过多种方式( SSH、HTTP 80 端口、后台 VNC、串行控制台) 查看安装进度。
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> 即使安装过程出错,也能通过 SSH 运行 `xda=硬盘名 /trans.sh alpine` 安装 Alpine。
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< details >
< summary > 实验性功能< / summary >
用云镜像安装 Debian, 适合于 CPU 较慢的机器
```bash
bash reinstall.sh debian --ci
```
用 ISO 安装 CentOS, Alma, Rocky, Fedora ,仅支持内存大于 2G 且为动态 IP 的机器
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密码 `123@@@` , SSH 端口 `22`
不支持设置密码、SSH 端口等选项
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```bash
bash reinstall.sh centos --installer
```
用 ISO 安装 Ubuntu ,仅支持内存大于 1G 且为动态 IP 的机器
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密码 `123@@@` , SSH 端口 `22`
不支持设置密码、SSH 端口等选项
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```bash
bash reinstall.sh ubuntu --installer
```
< / details >
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### 功能 2: DD
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- 支持 `raw` `vhd` 或者经过 `xz` `gzip` 压缩的镜像
- DD Windows 镜像时,会扩展系统盘,静态 IP 的机器会配置好 IP, 可能首次开机几分钟后才生效
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- DD Linux 镜像时,脚本不会修改镜像的任何内容
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- 可选参数
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- `--allow-ping` 允许被 Ping (仅限 DD Windows)
- `--rdp-port PORT` 修改 RDP 端口 (仅限 DD Windows)
- `--ssh-port PORT` 修改 SSH 端口(安装期间观察日志)
- `--web-port PORT` 修改 Web 端口(安装期间观察日志)
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- `--hold 2` DD 结束后不进入系统。可连接 SSH 修改系统内容,系统挂载在 `/os`
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh dd --img https://example.com/xxx.xz
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```
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> [!TIP]
> 可通过多种方式( SSH、HTTP 80 端口、后台 VNC、串行控制台) 查看安装进度。
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> 即使安装过程出错,也能通过 SSH 运行 `xda=硬盘名 /trans.sh alpine` 安装 Alpine。
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### 功能 3: 重启到 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine 救援系统 (Live OS)
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- 可用 ssh 连接,进行手动 DD、修改分区、手动安装 Alpine / Arch / Gentoo 等操作
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- 用户名 `root` 默认密码 `123@@@`
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- 如果没有修改硬盘内容,再次重启将回到原系统
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- 可选参数
- `--password PASSWORD` 设置密码
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- `--ssh-port PORT` 修改 SSH 端口
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```bash
bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1
```
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### 功能 4: 重启到 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netboot.xyz/img/favicon.ico" /> netboot.xyz
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- 可使用商家后台 VNC 安装 [更多系统 ](https://github.com/netbootxyz/netboot.xyz?tab=readme-ov-file#what-operating-systems-are-currently-available-on-netbootxyz )
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- 如果没有修改硬盘内容,再次重启将回到原系统
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```bash
bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz
```
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![netboot.xyz ](https://netboot.xyz/images/netboot.xyz.gif )
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### 功能 5: 安装 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows ISO
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- 用户名 `administrator` 默认密码 `123@@@`
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- 如果远程登录失败,尝试使用用户名 `.\administrator`
- 静态机器会自动配置好 IP, 可能首次开机几分钟后才生效
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- 可选参数
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- `--password PASSWORD` 设置密码
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- `--allow-ping` 允许被 Ping
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- `--rdp-port PORT` 更改 RDP 端口
- `--ssh-port PORT` 修改 SSH 端口(安装期间观察日志)
- `--web-port PORT` 修改 Web 端口(安装期间观察日志)
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- `--hold 2` 在重启进入 Windows 官方安装程序前,可连接 SSH 修改硬盘内容,硬盘挂载在 `/os`
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![Windows 安装界面 ](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/07c1aea2-1ce3-4967-904f-aaf9d6eec3f7 )
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#### 方法 1: 让脚本自动查找 ISO
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- 脚本会从 < https: // massgrave . dev / genuine-installation-media . html > 查找 iso, 该网站提供的 iso 都是官方原版
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- 仅支持自动查找常规 Windows 和 Windows Server 版本
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```bash
bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name 'Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024' \
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--lang zh-cn
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```
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< details >
< summary > 支持的语言< / summary >
```text
ar-sa
bg-bg
cs-cz
da-dk
de-de
el-gr
en-gb
en-us
es-es
es-mx
et-ee
fi-fi
fr-ca
fr-fr
he-il
hr-hr
hu-hu
it-it
ja-jp
ko-kr
lt-lt
lv-lv
nb-no
nl-nl
pl-pl
pt-pt
pt-br
ro-ro
ru-ru
sk-sk
sl-si
sr-latn-rs
sv-se
th-th
tr-tr
uk-ua
zh-cn
zh-hk
zh-tw
```
< / details >
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#### 方法 2: 自行指定 ISO 连接
- 如果不知道 `--image-name` ,可以随便填,重启后连接 SSH ,根据错误提示重新输入
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```bash
bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name 'Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024' \
--iso 'https://drive.massgrave.dev/zh-cn_windows_11_enterprise_ltsc_2024_x64_dvd_cff9cd2d.iso'
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```
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> [!IMPORTANT]
> 注意参数两边有引号。
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< details >
< summary > 以下网站可找到 iso 链接< / summary >
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- < https: // massgrave . dev / genuine-installation-media . html > (推荐, iso 来自官方,每月更新,包含最新补丁)
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- < https: // www . microsoft . com / software-download / windows10 > (需用非 Windows User-Agent 打开)
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- < https: // www . microsoft . com / software-download / windows11 >
- < https: // www . microsoft . com / software-download / windowsinsiderpreviewiso > (预览版)
- < https: // www . microsoft . com / evalcenter / download-windows-10-enterprise >
- < https: // www . microsoft . com / evalcenter / download-windows-11-enterprise >
- < https: // www . microsoft . com / evalcenter / download-windows-11-iot-enterprise-ltsc >
- < https: // www . microsoft . com / evalcenter / download-windows-server-2012-r2 >
- < https: // www . microsoft . com / evalcenter / download-windows-server-2016 >
- < https: // www . microsoft . com / evalcenter / download-windows-server-2019 >
- < https: // www . microsoft . com / evalcenter / download-windows-server-2022 >
- < https: // www . microsoft . com / evalcenter / download-windows-server-2025 >
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< / details >
#### 参数说明
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`--image-name` 指定要安装的映像,不区分大小写,常用映像有:
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```text
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Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows 11 Pro
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Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024
Windows Server 2025 SERVERDATACENTER
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```
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打开 [DISM++ ](https://github.com/Chuyu-Team/Dism-Multi-language/releases ) 文件菜单 > 打开映像文件,选择要安装的 iso, 可以得到映像名称( 系统全名) , 所有映像名称都可安装
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![image-name ](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/5aae0a9b-61e2-4f66-bb98-d470a6beaac2 )
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#### 支持的系统
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- Windows (Vista ~ 11)
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- Windows Server (2008 ~ 2025)
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- Windows Server Essentials \*
- Windows Server (Semi) Annual Channel \*
- Hyper-V Server \*
- Azure Stack HCI \*
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带 \* 表示需要填写 iso 链接
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#### 脚本会按需安装以下驱动
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- Virtio ([Virtio ](https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/ )、[阿里云 ](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/ecs/user-guide/update-red-hat-virtio-drivers-of-windows-instances ))
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- XEN ([XEN ](https://xenproject.org/windows-pv-drivers/ )、[Citrix ](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/Upgrading_PV_drivers.html#win2008-citrix-upgrade )、[AWS ](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/xen-drivers-overview.html ))
- AWS ([ENA 网卡 ](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ena-driver-releases-windows.html )、[NVME 存储控制器 ](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/nvme-driver-version-history.html ))
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- GCP ([gVNIC 网卡 ](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic )、[GGA 显卡 ](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display ))
- Azure ([MANA 网卡 ](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-network/accelerated-networking-mana-windows ))
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- Intel ([VMD 存储控制器 ](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/720755/intel-rapid-storage-technology-driver-installation-software-with-intel-optane-memory-11th-up-to-13th-gen-platforms.html ))
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> [!WARNING]
> Vista (Server 2008) 和 32 位系统可能会缺少驱动
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> [!WARNING]
> 未开启 CSM 的 EFI 机器,无法安装 Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2)
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>
> Hyper-V (Azure) 需选择合适的虚拟机代系 <https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/plan/should-i-create-a-generation-1-or-2-virtual-machine-in-hyper-v>
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> [!WARNING]
> Windows 10 LTSC 2021 中文版镜像 `zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso` 的 `wsappx` 进程会长期占用 CPU
>
> 解决方法是更新系统补丁,或者手动安装 `VCLibs` 库 <https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx>
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#### ARM 注意事项
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大部分 ARM 机器支持 ISO 安装 Windows 11 24H2
安装过程可能会黑屏,串行控制台可能会显示 `ConvertPages: failed to find range` ,均不影响安装
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- ✔️ Azure B2pts_v2
- ✔️阿里云 g8y c8y r8y (有几率重启时卡开机 Logo, 强制重启即可)
- ✔️阿里云 g6r c6r
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- ✔️甲骨文云 A1.Flex (视乎机器的创建日期,越新的越有可能成功安装,安装后还需要手动加载显卡驱动)
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- ✔️ AWS T4g
- ✔️ Scaleway COPARM1
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- ✔️ Gcore
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- ❌谷歌云 t2a (缺少网卡驱动)
< details >
< summary > 甲骨文云加载显卡驱动< / summary >
不需要下载驱动,只需打开设备管理器,找到显卡,选择更新驱动,在列表中选择 `Red Hat VirtIO GPU DOD controller`
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![virtio-gpu-1 ](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/503e1d82-4fa9-4486-917e-73326ad7c988 )
![virtio-gpu-2 ](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/bf3a9af6-13d8-4f93-9d6c-d3b2dbddb37d )
![virtio-gpu-3 ](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a9006a78-838f-45bf-a556-2dba193d3c03 )
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< / details >
## 讨论
[![GitHub Issues ](https://img.shields.io/badge/github-%23121011.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=github&logoColor=white )](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/issues)
[![Telegram Group ](https://img.shields.io/badge/Telegram-2CA5E0?style=for-the-badge&logo=telegram&logoColor=white )](https://t.me/reinstall_os)
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## 如何修改脚本
1. Fork 本仓库
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2. 修改 `reinstall.sh` 和 `reinstall.bat` 开头的 `confhome` 和 `confhome_cn`
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3. 修改其它代码
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## 感谢
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[![Github Sponsors ](https://img.shields.io/badge/sponsor-30363D?style=for-the-badge&logo=GitHub-Sponsors&logoColor=#EA4AAA )](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789)
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感谢以下商家提供白嫖机器
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[![Oracle Cloud ](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/8b430ed4-8344-4f96-b4da-c2bda031cc90 )](https://www.oracle.com/cloud/)
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[![DartNode ](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/435d6740-bcdd-4f3a-a196-2f60ae397f17 )](https://dartnode.com/)