reinstall/README.en.md

# reinstall

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One-click reinstallation script

[中文](README.md) | English

## Highlights

- Installing using official cloud images (Cloud Image) allows bypassing the [memory requirements](https://access.redhat.com/articles/rhel-limits#minimum-required-memory-3) of traditional network installations, resulting in faster installation speed.
- Using official cloud images for installation ensures fast installation speed and can also avoid issues with netboot installation on machines with limited memory.
- Compatible with 512M + 5G small servers and supports installing Alpine on 256M small servers.
- Compatible with all network conditions, including dynamic/static IPv4/IPv6 and pure IPv4/IPv6.
- Supports installing Windows using the official ISO.
- Supports reinstalling Windows as Linux or Windows itself.
- Supports BIOS, EFI, ARM.
- The original system partition supports LVM, Btrfs.
- Supports installing Alpine, Arch, openSUSE, Gentoo, and can also install these systems from them.
- Progress of DD and cloud image installation can be viewed through SSH, browser, serial console, and web panel VNC.
- The script does not include third-party links or homemade packages; all resources are obtained in real-time from the source site.
- Includes many comments.

## Download (Current system is Linux)

For users outside China:

```bash
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh
```

For users in China:

```bash
curl -O https://raw.gitmirror.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh
```

## Download (Current system is Windows)

[Unable to download?](#if-the-script-cannot-be-downloaded-under-windows)

Before proceeding, please disable the 'Real-time protection' feature in `Windows Defender`. This feature may prevent `certutil` from downloading any files.

For users outside China:

```batch
certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
```

For users in China:

```batch
certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.gitmirror.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
```

## Usage

All features can be used on both Linux and Windows.

- on Linux, execute `bash reinstall.sh`
- on Windows, execute `reinstall.bat`

### Feature 1: Install Linux

- The parameter --ci indicates forced usage of the cloud image for installation.
- Machines with static IP installing CentOS, Alma, Rocky, Fedora, Ubuntu must include the parameter `--ci`.
- If it is uncertain whether the machine has a static or dynamic IP, you can also add the parameter `--ci`.

```bash
bash reinstall.sh centos   7|8|9  (8|9 for the stream version)
                  alma     8|9
                  rocky    8|9
                  fedora   38|39
                  debian   10|11|12
                  ubuntu   20.04|22.04
                  alpine   3.16|3.17|3.18|3.19
                  opensuse 15.5|tumbleweed
                  arch     (not supports ARM)
                  gentoo

                  If no version number is entered, the latest version will be installed.
```

Parameters:

```bash
--ci              Force the use of the cloud image
```

### Feature 2: DD

- Supports gzip, xz formats.

- For machines with static IP, DD Windows, and the script will automatically configure the IP.

```bash
bash reinstall.sh dd --img https://example.com/xxx.xz
```

### Feature 3: Reboot to Alpine Rescue System (Live OS)

- Can be connected via SSH to perform manual DD, modify partitions, manually install Arch / Gentoo, etc.

- If the disk content is not modified, rebooting again will return to the original system.

```bash
bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1
```

### Feature 4: Reboot to netboot.xyz

- Can install [more systems](https://github.com/netbootxyz/netboot.xyz?tab=readme-ov-file#what-operating-systems-are-currently-available-on-netbootxyz) using web panel VNC.

```bash
bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz
```

![netboot.xyz](https://netboot.xyz/images/netboot.xyz.gif)

### Feature 5: Install Windows ISO

- Pay attention to the quotation marks around the parameters

```bash
bash reinstall.sh windows \
     --iso 'https://drive.massgrave.dev/en-us_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_d289cf96.iso' \
     --image-name 'Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021'
```

![Installing Windows](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/07c1aea2-1ce3-4967-904f-aaf9d6eec3f7)

Parameters:

`--iso` Original image link

`--image-name` Specify the image to install, case-insensitive, for example:

```text
Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021
Windows 11 Pro
Windows Server 2022 SERVERDATACENTER
```

Use `Dism++` File menu > Open Image File, select the iso to be installed to get the image name.

![image-name](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/5aae0a9b-61e2-4f66-bb98-d470a6beaac2)

1. Supported systems:
   - Windows Vista to 11
   - Windows Server 2008 to 2022, including the following variants
     - Windows Server Essentials
     - Windows Server Annual Channel
     - Hyper-V Server
     - Azure Stack HCI
2. The script will install the following drivers as needed:
    - KVM ([Virtio](https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/))
    - XEN ([XEN PV](https://xenproject.org/windows-pv-drivers/), [AWS PV](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/zh_cn/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/xen-drivers-overview.html))
    - AWS ([ENA Network Adapter](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/zh_cn/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/enhanced-networking-ena.html), [NVMe Storage Controller](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/zh_cn/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/aws-nvme-drivers.html))
    - GCP ([gVNIC Network Adapter](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic), [GGA Graphics](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display))
    - Azure ([MANA Network Adapter](https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/azure/virtual-network/accelerated-networking-mana-windows))
3. Vista (Server 2008) and 32-bit systems may lack drivers.
4. For EFI machines without CSM enabled, Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2) cannot be installed.
5. If the machine has a static IP, the IP will be automatically set after installation.
6. Can bypass Windows 11 hardware restrictions.
7. Supports Windows 11 on ARM, exclusively for Hyper-V (Azure), not compatible with KVM (Oracle Cloud).
8. The process `wsappx` will occupy CPU for a long time after installing the image `zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso`.

   This is an issue with the image, and the solution is to install the `VCLibs` library.

   <https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx>

9. The following website provides iso links.

   <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media.html> (Recommended, iso sourced from official channels, updated monthly, includes the latest patches)

   <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10> (Need to open it with a mobile User-Agent)

   <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11>

## Memory Requirements

| System                                | Traditional Installation | Cloud Image |
| ------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------- |
| Debian                                | 384M                     | 512M        |
| Ubuntu                                | 1G                       | 512M        |
| CentOS / Alma / Rocky / Fedora        | 1G                       | 512M        |
| Alpine                                | 256M                     | -           |
| openSUSE                              | -                        | 512M        |
| Arch                                  | -                        | 512M        |
| Gentoo                                | 512M                     | -           |
| Windows 8.1 (Server 2012 R2) or below | 512M                     | -           |
| Windows 10 (Server 2016) or above     | 1G                       | -           |

## Virtualization Requirements

Not supported on OpenVZ, LXC virtual machines.

Please use <https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation>.

## Default Passwords

| System        | Username       | Password       |
| ------------- | -------------- | -------------- |
| Linux         | root           | 123@@@         |
| Windows (iso) | administrator  | 123@@@         |
| Windows (dd)  | Image username | Image password |

If encountering a password error during remote login to Windows, try using the username .\administrator.

## If the script cannot be downloaded under Windows

You can try the following methods:

1. Disable Windows Defender Real-time Protection.

2. For Windows 7, install this patch to enable TLS 1.2.

   <https://aka.ms/easyfix51044>

3. Update SSL root certificates.

   ```batch
   certutil -generateSSTFromWU root.sst
   certutil -addstore Root root.sst
   ```

4. Download manually by copying these two files through `Remote Desktop Connection`.

   <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat>

   <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh>

## Thanks

Thanks to the following businesses for providing free servers.

[![Oracle Cloud](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/8b430ed4-8344-4f96-b4da-c2bda031cc90)](https://www.oracle.com/cloud/)
[![DartNode](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/435d6740-bcdd-4f3a-a196-2f60ae397f17)](https://dartnode.com/)