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327 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
327 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD028 MD033 MD045 -->
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# reinstall
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[](https://app.codacy.com/gh/bin456789/reinstall/dashboard)
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[](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/bin456789/reinstall)
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[](https://github.com/aschey/vercel-tokei)
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One-Click Script to Reinstall System [中文](README.md)
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## Highlights
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- Supports installation of 17 common Linux distributions
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- Supports installation of official Windows ISO, automatically finds ISO links, and integrates virtual machine drivers
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- Supports installation in any direction, i.e., `Linux to Linux`, `Linux to Windows`, `Windows to Windows`, `Windows to Linux`
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- No need to input IP parameters; automatically recognizes dynamic and static IPs, supports `/32`, `/128`, `gateway outside subnet`, `IPv6 only`, `dual NIC` and other special network configurations
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- Specially optimized for low-spec servers, requires less memory than the official netboot
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- Uses partition table ID to identify hard drives throughout the process, ensuring no wrong disk is written
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- Supports BIOS and EFI boot, and ARM architecture
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- No homemades image included, all resources are obtained in real-time from source sites
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- Includes many comments.
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## System Requirements
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| Target System | Version | Memory | Disk |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------- |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine | 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20 | 256 MB | 1 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.debian.org/favicon.ico" /> Debian | 9, 10, 11, 12 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/f74b3d5b-085f-4df3-bcc9-8a9bd80bb16d" /> Kali | Rolling | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netplan.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_static/favicon.png" /> Ubuntu | 16.04, 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, 24.04 | 512 MB \* | 2 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.centos.org/assets/img/favicon.png" /> CentOS | 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/O1CN01oJnJZg1yK4RzI4Rx2_!!6000000006559-2-tps-118-118.png" /> Anolis | 7, 8 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.redhat.com/favicon.ico" /> RedHat <img width="16" height="16" src="https://almalinux.org/fav/favicon.ico" /> Alma <img width="16" height="16" src="https://rockylinux.org/favicon.png" /> Rocky | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://opencloudos.org/qq.ico" /> OpenCloudOS | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.oracle.com/asset/web/favicons/favicon-32.png" /> Oracle | 7, 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://fedoraproject.org/favicon.ico" /> Fedora | 39, 40 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.openeuler.org/favicon.ico" /> openEuler | 20.03, 22.03, 24.03 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://static.opensuse.org/favicon.ico" /> openSUSE | 15.5, 15.6, Tumbleweed (Rolling) | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://nixos.org/_astro/flake-blue.Bf2X2kC4_Z1yqDoT.svg" /> NixOS | 24.05 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://archlinux.org/static/favicon.png" /> Arch | Rolling | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.gentoo.org/assets/img/logo/gentoo-g.png" /> Gentoo | Rolling | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (DD) | Any | 512 MB | Depending on the image |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 ~ 2012 R2) | 512 MB | 25 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | 10, 11 (Server 2016 ~ 2025) | 1 GB | 25 GB |
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(\*) Indicates installation using cloud images, not traditional network installation.
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(^) indicates requiring either 256 MB memory + 1.5 GB disk, or 512 MB memory + 1 GB disk
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> [!WARNING]
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> ❌ This script does not support OpenVZ or LXC virtual machines.
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>
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> Please use <https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation> instead.
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## Download (Current system is <img width="20" height="20" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux)
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For server outside China:
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```bash
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curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh
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```
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For server inside China:
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```bash
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curl -O https://jihulab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.sh
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```
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## Download (Current system is <img width="20" height="20" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows)
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> Before proceeding, please disable the 'Real-time protection' feature in `Windows Defender`. This feature may prevent `certutil` from downloading any files.
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<details>
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<summary>😢Still unable to download?</summary>
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### Try the following methods
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1. For Windows 7, install this patch to enable TLS 1.2.
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<https://aka.ms/easyfix51044>
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2. Update SSL root certificates.
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```batch
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certutil -generateSSTFromWU root.sst
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certutil -addstore Root root.sst
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```
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3. Download manually by copying these two files through `Remote Desktop Connection`.
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<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat>
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<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh>
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</details>
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For server outside China:
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
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```
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For server inside China:
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://jihulab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.bat
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```
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## Usage
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**All features** can be used on both Linux and Windows.
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- on Linux, execute `bash reinstall.sh`
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- on Windows, execute `reinstall.bat`
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### Feature 1: Install <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux
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- If no version number is entered, the latest version will be installed.
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- Does not include a boot partition (except for Fedora), nor a swap partition, maximizing disk space utilization.
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- On virtual machines, the appropriate official slimmed-down kernel will be automatically installed.
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- To install Red Hat, you need to provide the `qcow2` image link obtained from <https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/rhel>.
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- Username `root`, password `123@@@`. It may take a few minutes for the password to take effect on the first boot.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh centos 9
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anolis 7|8
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alma 8|9
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rocky 8|9
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redhat 8|9 --img='http://xxx.com/xxx.qcow2'
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opencloudos 8|9
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oracle 7|8|9
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fedora 39|40
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nixos 24.05
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debian 9|10|11|12
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openeuler 20.03|22.03|24.03
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alpine 3.17|3.18|3.19|3.20
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opensuse 15.5|15.6|tumbleweed
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ubuntu 16.04|18.04|20.04|22.04|24.04 [--minimal]
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kali
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arch
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gentoo
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```
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> [!TIP]
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> When installing Debian / Kali, x86 architectures can monitor the installation progress through VNC in the background, while ARM architectures can use the serial console.
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>
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> When installing other systems, can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC in the background, serial console).
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> Even if errors occur during the installation process, you can still install Alpine via SSH.
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<details>
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<summary>Experimental Features</summary>
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Install Debian using a cloud image, suitable for machines with slower CPUs
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh debian --ci
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```
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Install CentOS, Alma, Rocky, Fedora using ISO, only supports machines with more than 2G of memory and dynamic IP
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh centos --installer
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```
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Install Ubuntu using ISO, only supports machines with more than 1G of memory and dynamic IP
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh ubuntu --installer
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```
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</details>
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### Feature 2: DD
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- Supports `raw`, `vhd` images or those compressed with `xz` or `gzip`.
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- When deploy a Windows image, the system disk will be expanded, and machines with static IPs will have their IPs configured. However, it may take a few minutes after the first boot for the configuration to take effect.
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- When deploy a Linux image, the script will not modify any contents of the image.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh dd --img https://example.com/xxx.xz
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```
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> [!TIP]
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> Can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC in the background, serial console).
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> Even if errors occur during the installation process, you can still install Alpine via SSH.
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### Feature 3: Reboot to <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine Rescue System (Live OS)
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- You can use SSH to manually perform DD operations, modify partitions, and manually install Alpine, Arch, Gentoo, and other systems.
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- Username `root`, password `123@@@`
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- If the disk content is not modified, rebooting again will return to the original system.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1
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```
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### Feature 4: Reboot to <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netboot.xyz/img/favicon.ico" /> netboot.xyz
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- Can install [more systems](https://github.com/netbootxyz/netboot.xyz?tab=readme-ov-file#what-operating-systems-are-currently-available-on-netbootxyz) using vendor backend VNC.
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- If the disk content is not modified, rebooting again will return to the original system.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz
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```
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### Feature 5: Install <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows ISO
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- Username `administrator`, password `123@@@`
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- If remote login fails, try using the username `.\administrator`.
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- The machine with a static IP will automatically configure the IP. It may take a few minutes to take effect on the first boot.
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#### Method 1: Allow the script to automatically find the ISO
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- The script will search for ISO files from <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media.html>. The ISOs provided on this site are all official versions.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name 'Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021' \
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--lang zh-cn
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```
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#### Method 2: Specify the ISO link manually
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- If you don’t know the `--image-name`, you can enter any value. After rebooting, connect via SSH and re-enter the correct value based on the error messages.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name 'Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021' \
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--iso 'https://drive.massgrave.dev/en-us_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_d289cf96.iso'
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```
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> Note that parameters should be enclosed in quotation marks.
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<details>
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<summary>The following website provides iso links.</summary>
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- <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media.html> (Recommended, iso sourced from official channels, updated monthly, includes the latest patches)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10> (Need to open it with a non-Windows User-Agent)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewiso> (Preview)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-10-enterprise>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-enterprise>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-iot-enterprise-ltsc>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2012-r2>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2016>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2019>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2022>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2025>
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</details>
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#### Parameters Description
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`--image-name` Specify the image to install, case-insensitive, Commonly used images include:
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```text
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Windows 7 Ultimate
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Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021
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Windows 11 Pro
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Windows Server 2022 SERVERDATACENTER
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```
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Use `Dism++` File menu > Open Image File, select the iso to be installed to get the image name.
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#### Supported systems
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- Windows (Vista ~ 11)
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- Windows Server (2008 ~ 2025)
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- Windows Server Essentials \*
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- Windows Server (Semi) Annual Channel \*
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- Hyper-V Server \*
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- Azure Stack HCI \*
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\* Must specify an ISO link.
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#### The script will install the following drivers as needed
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- KVM ([Virtio](https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/), [Alibaba Cloud](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/ecs/user-guide/update-red-hat-virtio-drivers-of-windows-instances))
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- XEN ([XEN](https://xenproject.org/windows-pv-drivers/), [Citrix](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/Upgrading_PV_drivers.html#win2008-citrix-upgrade), [AWS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/xen-drivers-overview.html))
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- AWS ([ENA Network Adapter](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ena-driver-releases-windows.html), [NVMe Storage Controller](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/nvme-driver-version-history.html))
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- GCP ([gVNIC Network Adapter](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic), [GGA Graphics](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display))
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- Azure ([MANA Network Adapter](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-network/accelerated-networking-mana-windows))
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> [!WARNING]
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> Vista (Server 2008) and 32-bit systems may lack drivers.
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> [!WARNING]
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> For EFI machines without CSM enabled, Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2) cannot be installed.
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> [!WARNING]
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> Only some ARM machines support installing Windows 11:
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> <br />✔️ Azure (Hyper-V)
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> <br />✔️ Alibaba Cloud g8y c8y r8y (KVM)
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> <br />❌ Alibaba Cloud g6r c6r (KVM)
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> <br />❌ Oracle Cloud (KVM)
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> <br />❌ Google Cloud (KVM)
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> <br />❌ AWS (KVM)
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> [!WARNING]
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> In the Chinese version of Windows 10 LTSC 2021 ISO `zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso`, the `wsappx` process may indefinitely consume CPU resources.
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>
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> The solution is to update the system patches or manually install the `VCLibs` library <https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx>.
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## How to Modify the Script
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1. Fork this repository.
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2. Modify the `confhome` and `confhome_cn` at the beginning of `reinstall.sh` and `reinstall.bat`.
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3. Make changes to the other code.
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## Thanks
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Thanks to the following businesses for providing free servers.
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[](https://www.oracle.com/cloud/)
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[](https://dartnode.com/)
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