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418 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
418 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD028 MD033 MD045 -->
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# reinstall
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[](https://app.codacy.com/gh/bin456789/reinstall/dashboard)
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[](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/bin456789/reinstall)
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[](https://github.com/aschey/vercel-tokei)
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[](https://t.me/reinstall_os)
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[](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789)
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一键重装脚本 [English](README.en.md)
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## 亮点
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- 支持安装 17 种常见 Linux 发行版
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- 支持安装官方原版 Windows iso，自动查找 iso 链接、集成虚拟机驱动
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- 支持任意方向重装，即 `Linux to Linux`、`Linux to Windows`、`Windows to Windows`、`Windows to Linux`
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- 无需填写 IP 参数，自动识别动静态，支持 `/32`、`/128`、`网关不在子网范围内`、`纯 IPv6`、`双网卡` 等特殊网络
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- 专门适配低配小鸡，比官方 netboot 需要更少的内存
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- 全程用分区表 ID 识别硬盘，确保不会写错硬盘
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- 支持 BIOS、EFI 引导，支持 ARM
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- 不含自制包，所有资源均实时从源站点获得
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- 有很多注释
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## 配置要求
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| 目标系统 | 版本 | 内存 | 硬盘 |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | --------- | ------------ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine | 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20 | 256 MB | 1 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.debian.org/favicon.ico" /> Debian | 9, 10, 11, 12 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/f74b3d5b-085f-4df3-bcc9-8a9bd80bb16d" /> Kali | 滚动 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netplan.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_static/favicon.png" /> Ubuntu | 16.04, 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, 24.04 | 512 MB \* | 2 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.centos.org/assets/img/favicon.png" /> CentOS | 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/O1CN01oJnJZg1yK4RzI4Rx2_!!6000000006559-2-tps-118-118.png" /> Anolis | 7, 8 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.redhat.com/favicon.ico" /> RedHat <img width="16" height="16" src="https://almalinux.org/fav/favicon.ico" /> Alma <img width="16" height="16" src="https://rockylinux.org/favicon.png" /> Rocky | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://opencloudos.org/qq.ico" /> OpenCloudOS | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.oracle.com/asset/web/favicons/favicon-32.png" /> Oracle | 7, 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://fedoraproject.org/favicon.ico" /> Fedora | 39, 40 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.openeuler.org/favicon.ico" /> openEuler | 20.03, 22.03, 24.03 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://static.opensuse.org/favicon.ico" /> openSUSE | 15.5, 15.6, Tumbleweed (滚动) | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://nixos.org/_astro/flake-blue.Bf2X2kC4_Z1yqDoT.svg" /> NixOS | 24.05 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://archlinux.org/static/favicon.png" /> Arch | 滚动 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.gentoo.org/assets/img/logo/gentoo-g.png" /> Gentoo | 滚动 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (DD) | 任何 | 512 MB | 取决于镜像 |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 ~ 2012 R2) | 512 MB | 25 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | 10, 11 (Server 2016 ~ 2025) | 1 GB | 25 GB |
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(\*) 表示使用云镜像安装，非传统网络安装
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(^) 需要 256 MB 内存 + 1.5 GB 硬盘，或 512 MB 内存 + 1 GB 硬盘
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> [!WARNING]
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> ❌ 本脚本不支持 OpenVZ、LXC 虚拟机
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>
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> 请改用 <https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation>
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## 下载（当前系统是 <img width="20" height="20" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux）
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国外服务器：
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```bash
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curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_
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```
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国内服务器：
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```bash
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curl -O https://jihulab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_
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```
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## 下载（当前系统是 <img width="20" height="20" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows）
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> 请先关闭 `Windows Defender` 的 `实时保护` 功能。该功能会阻止 `certutil` 下载任何文件。
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<details>
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<summary>😢还是无法下载？</summary>
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### 可尝试以下几种方法
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1. Windows 7 安装此补丁启用 TLS 1.2
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<https://aka.ms/easyfix51044>
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2. 更新 SSL 根证书
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```batch
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certutil -generateSSTFromWU root.sst
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certutil -addstore Root root.sst
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```
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3. 手动下载，通过 `远程桌面` 复制这两个文件
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<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat>
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<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh>
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</details>
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国外服务器：
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
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```
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国内服务器：
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://jihulab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.bat
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```
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## 使用
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**所有功能** 都可在 Linux / Windows 下运行
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- Linux 下运行 `bash reinstall.sh`
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- Windows 下运行 `reinstall.bat`
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### 功能 1: 安装 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux
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- 不输入版本号，则安装最新版
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- 不含 boot 分区（Fedora 例外），不含 swap 分区，最大化利用磁盘空间
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- 在虚拟机上，会自动安装合适的官方精简内核
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- 安装 Red Hat 需填写 <https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/rhel> 得到的 `qcow2` 镜像链接
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- 用户名 `root` 密码 `123@@@`，可能首次开机几分钟后密码才生效
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- 重装后如需修改 SSH 端口 / 改成密钥登录，还要注意修改 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/` 里面的文件
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- 可选参数
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- `--ssh-port PORT` 修改 SSH 端口
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- `--hold 2` 安装结束后不进入系统。可连接 SSH 修改系统内容，系统挂载在 `/os` (此功能不支持 Debian / Kali)
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh centos 9
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anolis 7|8
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alma 8|9
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rocky 8|9
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redhat 8|9 --img='http://xxx.com/xxx.qcow2'
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opencloudos 8|9
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oracle 7|8|9
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fedora 39|40
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nixos 24.05
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debian 9|10|11|12
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openeuler 20.03|22.03|24.03
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alpine 3.17|3.18|3.19|3.20
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opensuse 15.5|15.6|tumbleweed
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ubuntu 16.04|18.04|20.04|22.04|24.04 [--minimal]
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kali
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arch
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gentoo
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```
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> [!TIP]
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> 安装 Debian / Kali 时，x86 可通过后台 VNC 查看安装进度，ARM 可通过串行控制台查看安装进度。
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>
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> 安装其它系统时，可通过多种方式（SSH、HTTP 80 端口、后台 VNC、串行控制台）查看安装进度。
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> 即使安装过程出错，也能通过 SSH 运行 `xda=硬盘名 /trans.sh alpine` 安装 Alpine。
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<details>
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<summary>实验性功能</summary>
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以下功能为实验性质，可能不支持修改 ssh 端口等其它选项
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用云镜像安装 Debian，适合于 CPU 较慢的机器
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh debian --ci
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```
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用 ISO 安装 CentOS, Alma, Rocky, Fedora ，仅支持内存大于 2G 且为动态 IP 的机器
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh centos --installer
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```
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用 ISO 安装 Ubuntu ，仅支持内存大于 1G 且为动态 IP 的机器
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh ubuntu --installer
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```
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</details>
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### 功能 2: DD
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- 支持 `raw` `vhd` 或者经过 `xz` `gzip` 压缩的镜像
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- DD Windows 镜像时，会扩展系统盘，静态 IP 的机器会配置好 IP，可能首次开机几分钟后才生效
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- DD Linux 镜像时，脚本不会修改镜像的任何内容
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- 可选参数
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- `--rdp-port PORT` 修改 RDP 端口 (仅限 Windows)
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- `--allow-ping` 允许被 Ping (仅限 Windows)
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- `--hold 2` DD 结束后不进入系统。可连接 SSH 修改系统内容，系统挂载在 `/os`
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh dd --img https://example.com/xxx.xz
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```
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> [!TIP]
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> 可通过多种方式（SSH、HTTP 80 端口、后台 VNC、串行控制台）查看安装进度。
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> 即使安装过程出错，也能通过 SSH 运行 `xda=硬盘名 /trans.sh alpine` 安装 Alpine。
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### 功能 3: 重启到 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine 救援系统 (Live OS)
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- 可用 ssh 连接，进行手动 DD、修改分区、手动安装 Alpine / Arch / Gentoo 等操作
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- 用户名 `root` 密码 `123@@@`
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- 如果没有修改硬盘内容，再次重启将回到原系统
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1
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```
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### 功能 4: 重启到 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netboot.xyz/img/favicon.ico" /> netboot.xyz
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- 可使用商家后台 VNC 安装 [更多系统](https://github.com/netbootxyz/netboot.xyz?tab=readme-ov-file#what-operating-systems-are-currently-available-on-netbootxyz)
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- 如果没有修改硬盘内容，再次重启将回到原系统
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz
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```
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### 功能 5: 安装 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows ISO
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- 用户名 `administrator` 密码 `123@@@`
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- 如果远程登录失败，尝试使用用户名 `.\administrator`
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- 静态机器会自动配置好 IP，可能首次开机几分钟后才生效
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- 可选参数
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- `--rdp-port PORT` 更改 RDP 端口
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- `--allow-ping` 允许被 Ping
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- `--hold 2` 在重启进入 Windows 官方安装程序前，可连接 SSH 修改硬盘内容，硬盘挂载在 `/os`
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#### 方法 1: 让脚本自动查找 ISO
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- 脚本会从 <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media.html> 查找 iso，该网站提供的 iso 都是官方原版
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- 仅支持自动查找常规 Windows 和 Windows Server 版本
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name 'Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024' \
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--lang zh-cn
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```
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<details>
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<summary>支持的语言</summary>
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```text
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ar-sa
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bg-bg
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cs-cz
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da-dk
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de-de
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el-gr
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en-gb
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en-us
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es-es
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es-mx
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et-ee
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fi-fi
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fr-ca
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fr-fr
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he-il
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hr-hr
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hu-hu
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it-it
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ja-jp
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ko-kr
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lt-lt
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lv-lv
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nb-no
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nl-nl
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pl-pl
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pt-pt
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pt-br
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ro-ro
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ru-ru
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sk-sk
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sl-si
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sr-latn-rs
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sv-se
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th-th
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tr-tr
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uk-ua
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zh-cn
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zh-hk
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zh-tw
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```
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</details>
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#### 方法 2: 自行指定 ISO 连接
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- 如果不知道 `--image-name`，可以随便填，重启后连接 SSH ，根据错误提示重新输入
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name 'Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024' \
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--iso 'https://drive.massgrave.dev/zh-cn_windows_11_enterprise_ltsc_2024_x64_dvd_cff9cd2d.iso'
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```
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> 注意参数两边有引号。
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<details>
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<summary>以下网站可找到 iso 链接</summary>
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- <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media.html> (推荐，iso 来自官方，每月更新，包含最新补丁)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10> (需用非 Windows User-Agent 打开)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewiso> (预览版)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-10-enterprise>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-enterprise>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-iot-enterprise-ltsc>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2012-r2>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2016>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2019>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2022>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2025>
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</details>
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#### 参数说明
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`--image-name` 指定要安装的映像，不区分大小写，常用映像有：
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```text
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Windows 7 Ultimate
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Windows 11 Pro
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Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024
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Windows Server 2025 SERVERDATACENTER
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```
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打开 [DISM++](https://github.com/Chuyu-Team/Dism-Multi-language/releases) 文件菜单 > 打开映像文件，选择要安装的 iso，可以得到映像名称（系统全名），所有映像名称都可安装
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#### 支持的系统
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- Windows (Vista ~ 11)
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- Windows Server (2008 ~ 2025)
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- Windows Server Essentials \*
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- Windows Server (Semi) Annual Channel \*
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- Hyper-V Server \*
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- Azure Stack HCI \*
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带 \* 表示需要填写 iso 链接
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#### 脚本会按需安装以下驱动
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- KVM ([Virtio](https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/)、[阿里云](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/ecs/user-guide/update-red-hat-virtio-drivers-of-windows-instances))
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- XEN ([XEN](https://xenproject.org/windows-pv-drivers/)、[Citrix](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/Upgrading_PV_drivers.html#win2008-citrix-upgrade)、[AWS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/xen-drivers-overview.html))
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- AWS ([ENA 网卡](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ena-driver-releases-windows.html)、[NVME 存储控制器](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/nvme-driver-version-history.html))
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- GCP ([gVNIC 网卡](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic)、[GGA 显卡](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display))
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- Azure ([MANA 网卡](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-network/accelerated-networking-mana-windows))
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> [!WARNING]
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> Vista (Server 2008) 和 32 位系统可能会缺少驱动
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> [!WARNING]
|
||
> 未开启 CSM 的 EFI 机器，无法安装 Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2)
|
||
>
|
||
> Hyper-V (Azure) 需选择合适的虚拟机代系 <https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/plan/should-i-create-a-generation-1-or-2-virtual-machine-in-hyper-v>
|
||
|
||
> [!WARNING]
|
||
> Windows 10 LTSC 2021 中文版镜像 `zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso` 的 `wsappx` 进程会长期占用 CPU
|
||
>
|
||
> 解决方法是更新系统补丁，或者手动安装 `VCLibs` 库 <https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx>
|
||
|
||
#### ARM 注意事项
|
||
|
||
大部分 ARM 机器支持 ISO 安装 Windows 11 24H2，部分机器安装过程会黑屏，不影响安装
|
||
|
||
- ✔️Azure B2pts_v2
|
||
- ✔️阿里云 g8y c8y r8y (有几率重启时卡开机 Logo，强制重启即可)
|
||
- ✔️阿里云 g6r c6r
|
||
- ✔️甲骨文云 A1.Flex (视乎机器的创建日期，越新的越有可能成功安装，安装后还需要手动加载显卡驱动)
|
||
- ✔️AWS T4g
|
||
- ✔️Scaleway COPARM1
|
||
- ✔️Gcore
|
||
- ❌谷歌云 t2a (缺少网卡驱动)
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary>甲骨文云加载显卡驱动</summary>
|
||
|
||
不需要下载驱动，只需打开设备管理器，找到显卡，选择更新驱动，在列表中选择 `Red Hat VirtIO GPU DOD controller`
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
## 讨论
|
||
|
||
[](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/issues)
|
||
[](https://t.me/reinstall_os)
|
||
|
||
## 如何修改脚本
|
||
|
||
1. Fork 本仓库
|
||
2. 修改 `reinstall.sh` 和 `reinstall.bat` 开头的 `confhome` 和 `confhome_cn`
|
||
3. 修改其它代码
|
||
|
||
## 感谢
|
||
|
||
[](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789)
|
||
|
||
感谢以下商家提供白嫖机器
|
||
|
||
[](https://www.oracle.com/cloud/)
|
||
[](https://dartnode.com/)
|