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454 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
454 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD028 MD033 MD045 -->
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# reinstall
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[![Codacy](https://img.shields.io/codacy/grade/dc679a17751448628fe6d8ac35e26eed?logo=Codacy&label=Codacy&style=flat-square)](https://app.codacy.com/gh/bin456789/reinstall/dashboard)
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[![CodeFactor](https://img.shields.io/codefactor/grade/github/bin456789/reinstall?logo=CodeFactor&logoColor=white&label=CodeFactor&style=flat-square)](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/bin456789/reinstall)
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[![Lines of Code](https://tokei.rs/b1/github/bin456789/reinstall?category=code&label=Lines%20of%20Code&style=flat-square)](https://github.com/aschey/vercel-tokei)
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[![Telegram Group](https://img.shields.io/badge/Telegram-2CA5E0?style=flat-square&logo=telegram&logoColor=white)](https://t.me/reinstall_os)
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[![Github Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/badge/sponsor-30363D?style=flat-square&logo=GitHub-Sponsors&logoColor=#EA4AAA)](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789)
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一键重装脚本 [English](README.en.md)
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![捐赠者](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/sponsors/refs/heads/master/sponsors.svg)
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## 亮点
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- 支持一键安装 Linux,可安装 17 种常见发行版
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- 支持一键安装 Windows,使用官方 ISO 安装而非自制镜像,脚本会自动获取 ISO 链接、自动安装 Virtio 等驱动
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- 支持任意方向重装,即 `Linux to Linux`、`Linux to Windows`、`Windows to Windows`、`Windows to Linux`
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- 无需填写 IP 参数,自动识别动静态,支持 `/32`、`/128`、`网关不在子网范围内`、`纯 IPv6`、`双网卡` 等特殊网络
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- 专门适配低配小鸡,比官方 netboot 需要更少的内存
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- 全程用分区表 ID 识别硬盘,确保不会写错硬盘
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- 支持 BIOS、EFI 引导,支持 ARM
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- 不含自制包,所有资源均实时从镜像源获得
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- 有很多注释
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## 系统要求
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原系统可以是表格中的任意系统
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目标系统的配置要求如下:
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| 目标系统 | 版本 | 内存 | 硬盘 |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | --------- | ------------ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine | 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20 | 256 MB | 1 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.debian.org/favicon.ico" /> Debian | 9, 10, 11, 12 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/f74b3d5b-085f-4df3-bcc9-8a9bd80bb16d" /> Kali | 滚动 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netplan.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_static/favicon.png" /> Ubuntu | 16.04, 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, 24.04 | 512 MB \* | 2 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.centos.org/assets/img/favicon.png" /> CentOS | 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/O1CN01oJnJZg1yK4RzI4Rx2_!!6000000006559-2-tps-118-118.png" /> Anolis | 7, 8 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.redhat.com/favicon.ico" /> RedHat <img width="16" height="16" src="https://almalinux.org/fav/favicon.ico" /> Alma <img width="16" height="16" src="https://rockylinux.org/favicon.png" /> Rocky | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://opencloudos.org/qq.ico" /> OpenCloudOS | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.oracle.com/asset/web/favicons/favicon-32.png" /> Oracle | 7, 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://fedoraproject.org/favicon.ico" /> Fedora | 40, 41 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.openeuler.org/favicon.ico" /> openEuler | 20.03, 22.03, 24.03 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://static.opensuse.org/favicon.ico" /> openSUSE | 15.5, 15.6, Tumbleweed (滚动) | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://nixos.org/_astro/flake-blue.Bf2X2kC4_Z1yqDoT.svg" /> NixOS | 24.05 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://archlinux.org/static/favicon.png" /> Arch | 滚动 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.gentoo.org/assets/img/logo/gentoo-g.png" /> Gentoo | 滚动 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (DD) | 任何 | 512 MB | 取决于镜像 |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 ~ 2012 R2) | 512 MB | 25 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | 10, 11 (Server 2016 ~ 2025) | 1 GB | 25 GB |
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\* 表示使用云镜像安装,非传统网络安装
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^ 表示需要 256 MB 内存 + 1.5 GB 硬盘,或 512 MB 内存 + 1 GB 硬盘
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> [!WARNING]
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> ❌ 本脚本不支持 OpenVZ、LXC 虚拟机
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>
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> 请改用 <https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation>
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## 下载(当前系统是 <img width="20" height="20" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux)
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国外服务器:
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```bash
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curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_
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```
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国内服务器:
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```bash
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curl -O https://www.ghproxy.cc/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_
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```
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## 下载(当前系统是 <img width="20" height="20" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows)
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> 请先关闭 `Windows Defender` 的 `实时保护` 功能。该功能会阻止 `certutil` 下载任何文件。
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<details>
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<summary>😢还是无法下载?</summary>
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### 可尝试以下几种方法
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1. Windows 7 安装此补丁启用 TLS 1.2
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<https://aka.ms/easyfix51044>
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2. 更新 SSL 根证书
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```batch
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certutil -generateSSTFromWU root.sst
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certutil -addstore Root root.sst
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```
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3. 手动下载,通过 `远程桌面` 复制这两个文件
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<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat>
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<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh>
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</details>
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国外服务器:
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
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```
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国内服务器:
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://www.ghproxy.cc/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
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```
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## 使用
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**所有功能** 都可在 Linux / Windows 下运行
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- Linux 下运行 `bash reinstall.sh`
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- Windows 下运行 `.\reinstall.bat`
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### 功能 1: 安装 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux
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- 用户名 `root` 默认密码 `123@@@`,首次开机可能要等几分钟才能成功登录
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- 安装最新版可不输入版本号
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- 最大化利用磁盘空间:不含 boot 分区(Fedora 例外),不含 swap 分区
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- 自动根据机器类型选择不同的优化内核,例如 `Cloud`、`HWE` 内核
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- 安装 Red Hat 时需填写 <https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/rhel> 得到的 `qcow2` 镜像链接
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- 重装后如需修改 SSH 端口或者改成密钥登录,注意还要修改 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/` 里面的文件
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh centos 9
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anolis 7|8
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alma 8|9
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rocky 8|9
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redhat 8|9 --img='http://xxx.com/xxx.qcow2'
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opencloudos 8|9
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oracle 7|8|9
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fedora 40|41
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nixos 24.05
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debian 9|10|11|12
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openeuler 20.03|22.03|24.03
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alpine 3.17|3.18|3.19|3.20
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opensuse 15.5|15.6|tumbleweed
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ubuntu 16.04|18.04|20.04|22.04|24.04 [--minimal]
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kali
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arch
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gentoo
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```
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#### 可选参数
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- `--password PASSWORD` 设置密码
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- `--ssh-port PORT` 修改 SSH 端口(安装期间观察日志用,也用于新系统)
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- `--web-port PORT` 修改 Web 端口(安装期间观察日志用)
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- `--hold 2` 安装结束后不重启,此时可以 SSH 登录修改系统内容,系统挂载在 `/os` (此功能不支持 Debian/Kali)
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> [!TIP]
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> 安装 Debian/Kali 时,x86 可通过后台 VNC 查看安装进度,ARM 可通过串行控制台查看安装进度。
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>
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> 安装其它系统时,可通过多种方式(SSH、HTTP 80 端口、后台 VNC、串行控制台)查看安装进度。
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> <br />即使安装过程出错,也能通过 SSH 运行 `/trans.sh alpine` 安装到 Alpine。
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<details>
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<summary>实验性功能</summary>
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云镜像安装 Debian
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- 适合于 CPU 较慢的机器
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh debian --ci
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```
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ISO 安装 CentOS, Alma, Rocky, Fedora
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- 仅支持内存大于 2G 且为动态 IP 的机器
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- 密码 `123@@@`,SSH 端口 `22`,不支持用参数修改
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh centos --installer
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```
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ISO 安装 Ubuntu
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- 仅支持内存大于 1G 且为动态 IP 的机器
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- 密码 `123@@@`,SSH 端口 `22`,不支持用参数修改
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh ubuntu --installer
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```
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</details>
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### 功能 2: DD
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- 支持 `raw` `vhd` 格式的镜像(未压缩,或者压缩成 `.gz` `.xz` `.zst` `.tar` `.tar.gz` `.tar.xz` `.tar.zst`)
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- DD Windows 镜像时,会自动扩展系统盘,静态 IP 的机器会配置好 IP,可能首次开机几分钟后才生效
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- DD Linux 镜像时,**不会**修改镜像的任何内容
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh dd --img https://example.com/xxx.xz
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```
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#### 可选参数
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- `--allow-ping` 允许被 Ping (仅限 DD Windows)
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- `--rdp-port PORT` 修改 RDP 端口 (仅限 DD Windows)
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- `--ssh-port PORT` 修改 SSH 端口(安装期间观察日志用)
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- `--web-port PORT` 修改 Web 端口(安装期间观察日志用)
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- `--hold 2` DD 结束后不重启,此时可以 SSH 登录修改系统内容,Windows 系统会挂载在 `/os`,Linux 系统**不会**自动挂载
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> [!TIP]
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> 可通过多种方式(SSH、HTTP 80 端口、后台 VNC、串行控制台)查看安装进度。
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> <br />即使安装过程出错,也能通过 SSH 运行 `/trans.sh alpine` 安装到 Alpine。
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### 功能 3: 重启到 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine Live OS(救援系统)
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- 可用 ssh 连接,进行备份/恢复硬盘、手动 DD、修改分区、手动安装 Alpine/Arch/Gentoo 等操作
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- 用户名 `root` 默认密码 `123@@@`
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- 如果手动操作没有破坏原系统,再次重启将回到原系统
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1
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```
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#### 可选参数
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- `--password PASSWORD` 设置密码
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- `--ssh-port PORT` 修改 SSH 端口
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### 功能 4: 重启到 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netboot.xyz/img/favicon.ico" /> netboot.xyz
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- 可使用商家后台 VNC 手动安装 [更多系统](https://github.com/netbootxyz/netboot.xyz?tab=readme-ov-file#what-operating-systems-are-currently-available-on-netbootxyz)
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- 如果手动操作没有破坏原系统,再次重启将回到原系统
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz
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```
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![netboot.xyz](https://netboot.xyz/images/netboot.xyz.gif)
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### 功能 5: 安装 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows ISO
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![Windows 安装界面](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/07c1aea2-1ce3-4967-904f-aaf9d6eec3f7)
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- 用户名 `administrator` 默认密码 `123@@@`
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- 如果远程登录失败,可以尝试使用用户名 `.\administrator`
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- 静态机器会自动配置好 IP,可能首次开机几分钟后才生效
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- 支持所有语言
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#### 支持的系统
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- Windows (Vista ~ 11)
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- Windows Server (2008 ~ 2025)
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- Windows Server Essentials \*
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- Windows Server (Semi) Annual Channel \*
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- Hyper-V Server \*
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- Azure Stack HCI \*
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#### 方法 1: 让脚本自动查找 ISO (推荐)
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- 通常情况下 Windows 每个月都会发布新的官方 ISO,集成了最新的系统补丁,避免了刚安装好系统就要下载一堆补丁
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- 脚本会从 <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media> 查找 ISO,该网站收录了每月发布的 ISO,因此脚本查找到的 ISO 都是官方最新版
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- 上面带 \* 的系统不支持自动查找 ISO
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name 'Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024' \
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--lang zh-cn
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```
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<details>
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<summary>支持的语言</summary>
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```text
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ar-sa
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bg-bg
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cs-cz
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da-dk
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de-de
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el-gr
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en-gb
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en-us
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es-es
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es-mx
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et-ee
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fi-fi
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fr-ca
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fr-fr
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he-il
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hr-hr
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hu-hu
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it-it
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ja-jp
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ko-kr
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lt-lt
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lv-lv
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nb-no
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nl-nl
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pl-pl
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pt-pt
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pt-br
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ro-ro
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ru-ru
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sk-sk
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sl-si
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sr-latn-rs
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sv-se
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th-th
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tr-tr
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uk-ua
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zh-cn
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zh-hk
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zh-tw
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```
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</details>
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#### 方法 2: 自行指定 ISO 连接
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- 如果不知道 `--image-name`,可以随便填,在重启后连接 SSH,根据错误提示重新输入正确的值
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name 'Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024' \
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--iso 'https://drive.massgrave.dev/zh-cn_windows_11_enterprise_ltsc_2024_x64_dvd_cff9cd2d.iso'
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```
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<details>
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<summary>以下网站可找到 ISO 链接</summary>
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- <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media> (推荐,iso 来自官方,每月更新,包含最新补丁)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10> (需用非 Windows User-Agent 打开)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewiso> (预览版)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-10-enterprise>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-enterprise>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-iot-enterprise-ltsc-eval>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2012-r2>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2016>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2019>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2022>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2025>
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</details>
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||
|
||
#### 可选参数
|
||
|
||
- `--password PASSWORD` 设置密码
|
||
- `--allow-ping` 允许被 Ping
|
||
- `--rdp-port PORT` 更改 RDP 端口
|
||
- `--ssh-port PORT` 修改 SSH 端口(安装期间观察日志用)
|
||
- `--web-port PORT` 修改 Web 端口(安装期间观察日志用)
|
||
- `--hold 2` 在进入 Windows 官方安装程序之前,可以 SSH 登录修改硬盘内容,硬盘挂载在 `/os`
|
||
|
||
#### 如何填写映像名称 `--image-name`
|
||
|
||
通常一个 ISO 会包含多个系统版本,例如家庭版、专业版。映像名称 `--image-name` 就是用来指定要安装的版本,填写时不区分大小写
|
||
|
||
可以用 DISM、DISM++、Wimlib 等工具查询 ISO 包含的映像名称
|
||
|
||
常用的映像名称有:
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
Windows 7 Ultimate
|
||
Windows 11 Pro
|
||
Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024
|
||
Windows Server 2025 SERVERDATACENTER
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 如何用 [DISM++](https://github.com/Chuyu-Team/Dism-Multi-language/releases) 查询 ISO 包含的映像名称
|
||
|
||
打开文件菜单 > 打开映像文件,选择要安装的 iso,即可得到映像名称,所有映像名称都可以安装
|
||
|
||
![image-name](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/5aae0a9b-61e2-4f66-bb98-d470a6beaac2)
|
||
|
||
#### 脚本会按需安装以下驱动
|
||
|
||
- Virtio ([Virtio](https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/)、[阿里云](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/ecs/user-guide/update-red-hat-virtio-drivers-of-windows-instances))
|
||
- XEN ([XEN](https://xenproject.org/windows-pv-drivers/)、[Citrix](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/Upgrading_PV_drivers.html#win2008-citrix-upgrade)、[AWS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/xen-drivers-overview.html))
|
||
- AWS ([ENA 网卡](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ena-driver-releases-windows.html)、[NVME 存储控制器](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/nvme-driver-version-history.html))
|
||
- GCP ([gVNIC 网卡](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic)、[GGA 显卡](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display))
|
||
- Azure ([MANA 网卡](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-network/accelerated-networking-mana-windows))
|
||
- Intel ([VMD 存储控制器](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/720755/intel-rapid-storage-technology-driver-installation-software-with-intel-optane-memory-11th-up-to-13th-gen-platforms.html))
|
||
|
||
> [!WARNING]
|
||
> Vista (Server 2008) 和 32 位系统可能会缺少驱动
|
||
|
||
> [!WARNING]
|
||
> 未开启 CSM 的 EFI 机器,无法安装 Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2)
|
||
>
|
||
> Hyper-V (Azure) 需选择合适的虚拟机代系 <https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/plan/should-i-create-a-generation-1-or-2-virtual-machine-in-hyper-v>
|
||
|
||
> [!WARNING]
|
||
> Windows 10 LTSC 2021 中文版镜像 `zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso` 的 `wsappx` 进程会长期占用 CPU
|
||
>
|
||
> 解决方法是更新系统补丁,或者手动安装 `VCLibs` 库 <https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx>
|
||
|
||
#### ARM 安装 Windows 的注意事项
|
||
|
||
大部分 ARM 机器都支持安装 Windows 11 24H2
|
||
|
||
安装过程可能会黑屏,串行控制台可能会显示 `ConvertPages: failed to find range`,均不影响正常安装
|
||
|
||
| 兼容性 | 云服务商 | 实例类型 | 问题 |
|
||
| ------ | -------- | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||
| ✔️ | Azure | B2pts_v2 | |
|
||
| ✔️ | 阿里云 | g6r, c6r | |
|
||
| ✔️ | 阿里云 | g8y, c8y, r8y | 有几率重启时卡开机 Logo,强制重启即可 |
|
||
| ✔️ | AWS | T4g | |
|
||
| ✔️ | Scaleway | COPARM1 | |
|
||
| ✔️ | Gcore | | |
|
||
| ❔ | 甲骨文云 | A1.Flex | 不一定能安装成功,越新创建的实例越容易成功<br />安装后还需要手动加载显卡驱动 |
|
||
| ❌ | 谷歌云 | t2a | 缺少网卡驱动 |
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary>甲骨文云加载显卡驱动</summary>
|
||
|
||
使用远程桌面登录到服务器,打开设备管理器,找到显卡,选择更新驱动,在列表中选择 `Red Hat VirtIO GPU DOD controller` 即可。不需要提前下载驱动。
|
||
|
||
![virtio-gpu-1](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/503e1d82-4fa9-4486-917e-73326ad7c988)
|
||
![virtio-gpu-2](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/bf3a9af6-13d8-4f93-9d6c-d3b2dbddb37d)
|
||
![virtio-gpu-3](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a9006a78-838f-45bf-a556-2dba193d3c03)
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
## 讨论
|
||
|
||
[![GitHub Issues](https://img.shields.io/badge/github-%23121011.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=github&logoColor=white)](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/issues)
|
||
[![Telegram Group](https://img.shields.io/badge/Telegram-2CA5E0?style=for-the-badge&logo=telegram&logoColor=white)](https://t.me/reinstall_os)
|
||
|
||
## 如何修改脚本自用
|
||
|
||
1. Fork 本仓库
|
||
2. 修改 `reinstall.sh` 和 `reinstall.bat` 开头的 `confhome` 和 `confhome_cn`
|
||
3. 修改其它代码
|
||
|
||
## 感谢
|
||
|
||
[![Github Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/badge/sponsor-30363D?style=for-the-badge&logo=GitHub-Sponsors&logoColor=#EA4AAA)](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789)
|
||
|
||
感谢以下商家提供白嫖机器
|
||
|
||
[![Oracle Cloud](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/8b430ed4-8344-4f96-b4da-c2bda031cc90)](https://www.oracle.com/cloud/)
|
||
[![DartNode](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/435d6740-bcdd-4f3a-a196-2f60ae397f17)](https://dartnode.com/)
|