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307 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
307 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD028 MD033 MD045 -->
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# reinstall
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[](https://app.codacy.com/gh/bin456789/reinstall/dashboard)
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[](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/bin456789/reinstall)
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[](https://github.com/aschey/vercel-tokei)
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<!-- [](https://github.com/XAMPPRocky/tokei_rs) -->
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一键重装脚本 [English](README.en.md)
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## 亮点
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- 支持安装 16 种常见 Linux 发行版
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- 支持用官方原版 iso 安装 Windows，并且脚本会自动查找 iso 和驱动
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- 支持任意方向重装，也就是支持 `Linux to Linux`、`Linux to Win`、`Win to Win`、`Win to Linux`
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- 专门适配低配小鸡，解决内存过少导致无法进行网络安装
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- 自动判断动静态 IPv4 / IPv6，无需填写 IP / 掩码 / 网关
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- 支持 ARM，支持 BIOS、EFI 引导，原系统支持 LVM、BTRFS
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- 不含第三方自制包，所有资源均实时从源站点获得
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- 有很多注释
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## 配置要求
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| 目标系统 | 版本 | 内存 | 硬盘 |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | --------- | ------------ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine | 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20 | 256 MB | 1 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.debian.org/favicon.ico" /> Debian | 9, 10, 11, 12 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/f74b3d5b-085f-4df3-bcc9-8a9bd80bb16d" /> Kali | 滚动 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netplan.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_static/favicon.png" /> Ubuntu | 16.04, 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, 24.04 | 512 MB \* | 2 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.centos.org/assets/img/favicon.png" /> CentOS | 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/O1CN01oJnJZg1yK4RzI4Rx2_!!6000000006559-2-tps-118-118.png" /> Anolis | 7, 8 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.redhat.com/favicon.ico" /> RedHat <img width="16" height="16" src="https://almalinux.org/fav/favicon.ico" /> Alma <img width="16" height="16" src="https://rockylinux.org/favicon.png" /> Rocky | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://opencloudos.org/qq.ico" /> OpenCloudOS | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.oracle.com/asset/web/favicons/favicon-32.png" /> Oracle | 7, 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://fedoraproject.org/favicon.ico" /> Fedora | 39, 40 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.openeuler.org/favicon.ico" /> openEuler | 20.03, 22.03, 24.03 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://static.opensuse.org/favicon.ico" /> openSUSE | 15.5, 15.6, Tumbleweed (滚动) | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://archlinux.org/static/favicon.png" /> Arch | 滚动 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.gentoo.org/assets/img/logo/gentoo-g.png" /> Gentoo | 滚动 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (DD) | 任何 | 512 MB | 取决于镜像 |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 ~ 2012 R2) | 512 MB | 25 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | 10, 11 (Server 2016 ~ 2025) | 1 GB | 25 GB |
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(\*) 表示使用云镜像安装，非传统网络安装
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(^) 需要 256 MB 内存 + 1.5 GB 硬盘，或 512 MB 内存 + 1 GB 硬盘
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> [!WARNING]
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> ❌ 本脚本不支持 OpenVZ、LXC 虚拟机
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>
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> 请改用 <https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation>
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## 系统账号
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| 系统 | 用户名 | 密码 |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | -------- |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux | root | 123@@@ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | administrator | 123@@@ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (DD) | 镜像用户名 | 镜像密码 |
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> [!TIP]
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> 如果远程登录 Windows 失败，尝试使用用户名 `.\administrator`
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## 下载（当前系统是 <img width="20" height="20" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux）
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国外服务器：
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```bash
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curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh
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```
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国内服务器：
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```bash
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curl -O https://jihulab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.sh
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```
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## 下载（当前系统是 <img width="20" height="20" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows）
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> 请先关闭 `Windows Defender` 的 `实时保护` 功能。该功能会阻止 `certutil` 下载任何文件。
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<details>
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<summary>😢还是无法下载？</summary>
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### 可尝试以下几种方法
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1. Windows 7 安装此补丁启用 TLS 1.2
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<https://aka.ms/easyfix51044>
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2. 更新 SSL 根证书
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```batch
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certutil -generateSSTFromWU root.sst
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certutil -addstore Root root.sst
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```
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3. 手动下载，通过 `远程桌面` 复制这两个文件
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<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat>
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<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh>
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</details>
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国外服务器：
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
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```
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国内服务器：
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://jihulab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.bat
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```
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## 使用
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> [!TIP]
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> 所有功能均可在 Linux / Windows 下使用。
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>
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> Linux 下运行 `bash reinstall.sh`
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>
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> Windows 下运行 `reinstall.bat`
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### 功能 1: 安装 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux
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- 不输入版本号，则安装最新版
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- 不含 boot 分区（Fedora 例外），不含 swap 分区，最大化利用磁盘空间
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- 在虚拟机上，会自动安装官方精简内核
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- 首次登录可能会提示密码错误，稍等一下就正常了
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> [!TIP]
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> 安装 Debian / Kali 时，x86 可通过后台 VNC 查看安装进度，ARM 可通过串行控制台查看安装进度。
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>
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> 安装其它系统时，可通过多种方式（SSH、HTTP 80 端口、后台 VNC、串行控制台）查看安装进度。
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> 安装 Red Hat 需填写以下网站得到的 `qcow2` 镜像链接
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>
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> <https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/rhel>
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh centos 9
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anolis 7|8
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alma 8|9
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rocky 8|9
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redhat 8|9 --img='http://xxx.qcow2'
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opencloudos 8|9
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oracle 7|8|9
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fedora 39|40
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debian 9|10|11|12
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openeuler 20.03|22.03|24.03
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alpine 3.17|3.18|3.19|3.20
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opensuse 15.5|15.6|tumbleweed
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ubuntu 16.04|18.04|20.04|22.04|24.04
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kali
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arch
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gentoo
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```
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### 功能 2: DD
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- 支持 gzip、xz 格式
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- 静态 IP 的机器 DD Windows，会自动配置好 IP，可能首次开机几分钟后才完成配置
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> [!TIP]
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> 可通过多种方式（SSH、HTTP 80 端口、后台 VNC、串行控制台）查看安装进度。
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh dd --img https://example.com/xxx.xz
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```
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### 功能 3: 重启到 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine 救援系统 (Live OS)
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- 可用 ssh 连接，进行手动 DD、修改分区、手动安装 Arch / Gentoo 等操作
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- 如果没有修改硬盘内容，再次重启将回到原系统
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1
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```
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### 功能 4: 重启到 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netboot.xyz/img/favicon.ico" /> netboot.xyz
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- 可使用商家后台 VNC 安装 [更多系统](https://github.com/netbootxyz/netboot.xyz?tab=readme-ov-file#what-operating-systems-are-currently-available-on-netbootxyz)
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- 如果没有修改硬盘内容，再次重启将回到原系统
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz
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```
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### 功能 5: 安装 <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows ISO
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- 支持自动查找大部分 iso 链接，需指定语言 `--lang`，默认 `en-us`
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- 静态 IP 的机器，安装后会自动配置好 IP
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- 能够绕过 Windows 11 安装限制
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> [!TIP]
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> 脚本以 <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media.html> 作为 iso 镜像查找源。所有 iso 都是官方原版。
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> 注意参数两边有引号。
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name 'Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021' \
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--lang zh-cn
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```
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- 也可以指定 iso 链接
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name 'Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021' \
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--iso 'https://drive.massgrave.dev/en-us_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_d289cf96.iso'
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```
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<details>
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<summary>以下网站可找到 iso 链接</summary>
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- Massgrave
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- <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media.html> (推荐，iso 来自官方，每月更新，包含最新补丁)
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- 微软
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10> (需用手机 User-Agent 打开)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewiso> (预览版)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-10-enterprise>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-enterprise>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-iot-enterprise-ltsc>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2012-r2>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2016>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2019>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2022>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2025>
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</details>
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#### 参数说明
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`--image-name` 指定要安装的映像，不区分大小写，常用映像有：
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```text
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Windows 7 Ultimate
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Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021
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Windows 11 Pro
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Windows Server 2022 SERVERDATACENTER
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```
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使用 `Dism++` 文件菜单 > 打开映像文件，选择要安装的 iso，可以得到映像名称
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#### 支持的系统
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- Windows (Vista ~ 11)
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- Windows Server (2008 ~ 2025)
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- Windows Server Essentials \*
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- Windows Server (Semi) Annual Channel \*
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- Hyper-V Server \*
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- Azure Stack HCI \*
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\* 需填写 iso 链接
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#### 脚本会按需安装以下驱动
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- KVM ([Virtio](https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/))
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- XEN ([XEN](https://xenproject.org/windows-pv-drivers/)、[Citrix](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/Upgrading_PV_drivers.html#win2008-citrix-upgrade)、[AWS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/xen-drivers-overview.html))
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- AWS ([ENA 网卡](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/enhanced-networking-ena.html)、[NVME 存储控制器](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/aws-nvme-drivers.html))
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- GCP ([gVNIC 网卡](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic)、[GGA 显卡](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display))
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- Azure ([MANA 网卡](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-network/accelerated-networking-mana-windows))
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> [!WARNING]
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> Vista (Server 2008) 和 32 位系统可能会缺少驱动
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> [!WARNING]
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> 未开启 CSM 的 EFI 机器，无法安装 Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2)
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> [!WARNING]
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> 支持 ARM 机器安装 Windows 11，仅限于 Hyper-V (Azure) ，不支持 KVM (甲骨文云)
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> [!WARNING]
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> Windows 10 LTSC 2021 中文版镜像 `zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso` 的 `wsappx` 进程会长期占用 CPU
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>
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> 解决方法是更新系统补丁，或者手动安装 `VCLibs` 库 <https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx>
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## 如何修改脚本
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1. Fork 本仓库
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2. 修改 `reinstall.sh` 和 `reinstall.bat` 开头的 `confhome`
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3. 修改其它代码
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## 感谢
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感谢以下商家提供白嫖机器
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[](https://www.oracle.com/cloud/)
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||
[](https://dartnode.com/)
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